What causes inflammation of the foreskin?

Foreskin inflammation is usually caused by factors such as bacterial infection, fungal infection, poor hygiene, allergic reactions, or excessive foreskin, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and increased secretion. It is recommended to seek medical examination promptly and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment after the cause is determined.

1. Bacterial infection

Foreskin inflammation is common in bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. Bacteria can easily multiply between the foreskin and glans due to unclean sex, poor local hygiene, or weakened immunity. Typical symptoms include redness, swelling and burning of the foreskin, and yellow purulent discharge may occur. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed through secretion culture, and antibiotics such as erythromycin ointment and mupirocin ointment can be used as directed by the doctor, while keeping the perineum dry and clean.

2. Fungal infection

Candida albicans infection is another common cause of foreskin inflammation, which often occurs in patients with diabetes or those who use antibiotics for a long time. Symptoms include white bean-like discharge from the inside of the foreskin, severe itching, and scaling. Microscopic examination is required to confirm the diagnosis. It is recommended to use antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole cream and miconazole nitrate cream, and to control blood sugar levels.

3. Poor hygiene

Insufficient cleaning can lead to accumulation of smegma, which can irritate the mucous membranes and cause inflammation. Children and those with foreskin are more likely to develop it, with symptoms such as foreskin adhesion and slight redness and swelling. Clean gently with warm water every day and avoid using harsh detergents. Recurrent inflammation may warrant consideration of circumcision.

4. Allergic reaction

Allergic foreshitis may be triggered by contact with condoms, detergents or medications. The symptoms are mostly sudden edema, dense papules and itching. It is necessary to check for allergens and stop contact. Short-term topical hydrocortisone cream can be used to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, oral antihistamines such as loratadine tablets are required.

5. Foreskin is too long

Phimosis or excessive foreskin can easily trap dirt and increase the risk of infection. Long-term chronic inflammation may lead to narrowing of the foreskin orifice and difficulty urinating. In such cases, it is recommended to evaluate the indications for surgery after infection control. Circumcision can effectively prevent recurrence.

Daily care should be taken to clean the inside of the foreskin with warm water every day and avoid using force to remove the foreskin of children. Choose breathable cotton underwear and clean before and after sex. If persistent redness, swelling, ulceration or painful urination occurs, you must seek medical advice promptly and do not use strong hormone ointments on your own. Diabetic patients need to monitor their blood sugar regularly, and those with excessive foreskin and recurrent infections can consult their doctor about surgical options.