Children's Safety and First Aid Open Class Lesson Plan

This "Children's Safety and First Aid Open Class Lesson Plan" is designed for parents of children aged 3-6, kindergarten teachers, and community volunteers. The teaching time is 1.5 hours. The core goal is to enable zero-level participants to master the correct handling methods of airway foreign body obstruction, burns and falls from heights, the three most common fatal accidents in children, to avoid 80% of common first aid misunderstandings, and to present the practical differences of different first aid schools for participants to choose based on actual scenarios.

I have been doing grassroots children's first aid training for almost five years, and I have given this course no less than a hundred times. At the beginning, I often encounter people raising their hands: "I have learned Heimlich before, can I just give it a pat on the back?" ”“My baby’s burn last time was healed by applying toothpaste.” Therefore, this lesson plan has never been a “set of standard answers”, but rather a breakdown of the real situation in front-line clinical situations for everyone to see. Every time I go to class, I bring a half-person-high box, which contains baby/child dolls simulating foreign bodies in the airway, simulated skin modules for varying degrees of burns and scalds, and a "danger box" that contains peanuts, button batteries, magnetic beads, pins, and other things that I have collected that have really stuck or punctured children. Opening them up for everyone to see is much more effective than saying "Don't give your children whole peanuts" ten times.

Let’s first talk about airway foreign body obstruction that everyone is most concerned about. This is also the top cause of accidental death in children. There is no absolutely correct operating standard here. The current general guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) are based on age: for awake children under 1 year old, first pat the back with the heel of the palm 5 times (in the middle of the shoulder blade), turn over and perform 5 chest compressions, and alternate until the foreign body is discharged. ； For awake children over 1 year old, directly use the Heimlich maneuver. Stand behind the child, make a fist and place it at the position of two horizontal fingers above the navel, and rapidly impact upward and inward. But when I participated in the National Emergency Exchange Forum last year, many pediatricians on the emergency frontline put forward another idea: as long as the child can still cry, talk, and cough on his own, no matter how old he is, don't intervene yet and encourage him to cough it out on his own. External tapping may cause the foreign body to move and get stuck deeper in the main airway. Both of these statements are supported by clinical data. I will explain them clearly in class. In the end, I will only give you a bottom line: if the child is already suffocating, unable to make a sound, or coughing without force, don’t wait, intervene immediately. ； If he can still cry and fuss, first guide him to cough on his own and call 120 and wait.

After talking about the most urgent ones, let’s talk about the burns and scalds that everyone encounters most often. Many people's first reaction is to apply toothpaste, soy sauce, and sesame oil. Last year, I met a mother whose child's instep was scalded by boiling water. I heard the old man said that honey is good, so she applied half a bottle of home-made honey. As a result, she developed pustular infection the next day, and finally left a shallow scar. We must also clarify the different views here: there are indeed cutting-edge studies showing that medical-grade sterile honey can promote the healing of superficial second-degree burns. However, no matter how expensive the honey we eat at home contains active bacteria, it must not be applied to ulcerated wounds. I won’t let everyone memorize the general five-word principle of “rinse off the bubble cap and send it away”. I will emphasize two core points: First, use running cold water at room temperature and do not add ice, otherwise it will cause secondary frostbite. Rinse for 15 to 20 minutes and endure the pain. This is the most useful step to reduce the probability of scarring. ； Second, if clothes are stuck to the burned area, don't tear them off. Use scissors to cut off the surrounding clothes. Leave the remaining stuck parts to the doctor. Don't apply any other toothpaste, soy sauce, sesame oil on it.

There is also a high incidence of fall injuries nowadays. There are many high-rise residents. It is too common for children to fall from sofas, beds, or even window sills. The first reaction of many people is to rush up to pick up the children to comfort them, and then shake them and ask, "Where did you fall?" Does it hurt? ”, if this really hurts the cervical vertebra or causes intracranial bleeding, a few shakes may cause serious trouble. Of course, it does not mean that you must not move. It depends on the situation: if the child is conscious after the fall, cries loudly, and moves its arms and legs normally, you can pick it up and comfort it. In the next 24 hours, keep an eye on it for vomiting, lethargy, and talking nonsense. If there are any problems, go to the hospital. ； If your child does not cry or fuss after a fall, is confused, or vomits milk, or has clear fluid from his ears or nose, don't touch him and call 120 immediately. Unless your home is in a remote mountainous area and it takes more than half an hour for an ambulance to arrive, then you can find a hard board, fix the child's head and neck to keep it horizontal, and move it flat to a safe place. Otherwise, don't move it at will.

I will leave 20 minutes of practical time in each class for everyone to practice the Heimlich one by one. When many parents do it for the first time, the position is too high and hurts the stomach, or the strength is too weak to push out the foreign object. Last time, a father was too strong and almost broke the plastic ribs of the mannequin. Everyone remembered it after laughing. The strength should be just enough to lift the child up, don't use brute force. I don’t assign any after-school homework. I just give everyone a palm-sized pocket card with three core operation points for accidents printed on it, as well as the local children’s emergency hotline. After all, when an accident happens, no one can remember the content of the entire class. It’s enough to take out the card and scan it to avoid doing the wrong thing.

If the subject of the class is a kindergarten teacher, I will add 10 minutes more content on how to deal with accidentally ingested poisons.； If there are many elderly people attending the class, the PPT font size should be increased, and more animated videos and less text should be shown. There is never a fixed teaching template. After all, safety has to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual scene to be effective.