What are the treatments for prostate cancer?

Treatment methods for prostate cancer mainly include endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, etc. The treatment of prostate cancer needs to be comprehensively selected based on tumor stage, patient's physical condition and other factors.

1. Endocrine therapy

Endocrine therapy is used for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and inhibits tumor growth by reducing androgen levels in the body. Commonly used drugs include goserelin sustained-release implants, leuprolide microsphere injection, etc. This therapy may cause adverse reactions such as hot flashes and sexual dysfunction, and must be used under the guidance of a doctor.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy includes external beam radiation and brachytherapy, which is suitable for localized prostate cancer or postoperative adjuvant treatment. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy technology is commonly used for external irradiation, and radioactive seed implantation is mostly used for brachytherapy. Treatment may cause side effects such as frequent urination and rectal irritation, but most of them can be relieved gradually.

3. Surgical treatment

Radical prostatectomy is the main treatment for early-stage prostate cancer, including open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery. Surgery may affect urinary control and sexual function, and new nerve-sparing surgical methods can reduce related risks.

4. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy drugs such as docetaxel injection are commonly used for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Chemotherapy can prolong survival but can cause adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression and hair loss. Blood routine and liver and kidney function need to be monitored regularly during treatment.

5. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy drugs such as programmed death receptor 1 inhibitors are suitable for certain types of advanced prostate cancer. This therapy activates the patient's own immune system to fight tumors. Immune-related adverse reactions may occur, which require close monitoring and timely treatment.

Prostate cancer patients should maintain a balanced diet during treatment, supplement appropriate amounts of high-quality protein, vegetables and fruits, and avoid high-fat diets. Carry out moderate exercise according to your physical condition, such as walking, Tai Chi, etc., to help improve your physical fitness. Regularly review prostate-specific antigen and imaging examinations, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms such as bone pain and difficulty urinating occur. During the treatment process, you can seek psychological support, maintain a positive attitude, and cooperate with the doctor to develop a personalized treatment plan.