Mothers should pay attention to changes in their facial features during pregnancy

　　decreased vision

　　Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can cause vision impairment. If you are already short-sighted, the condition may be slightly aggravated after pregnancy and you may find that your glasses no longer fit properly. Postpartum As female hormone levels drop, vision returns to normal. It should be reminded that too much vision change may be a symptom of diabetes and high blood pressure, so do not take it lightly.

　　Countermeasure: Go regularly every month Hospital Do routine check-ups. If you find that your vision has declined significantly, you should ask your doctor to do a urine glucose test for you. If your previous glasses no longer fit, don't make do with them, and don't throw them away casually (because they will come in handy again after the baby is born). Temporarily wearing a pair of comfortable "maternity glasses" is also a special souvenir.

　　Presence of farsightedness or nearsightedness

　　The curvature of the cornea becomes steeper during pregnancy, resulting in mild refractive errors that become more pronounced toward the end of pregnancy. As a result, it can lead to hyperopia, weakened ciliary muscle adjustment ability, and blurred vision of near objects, which is one of these situations. If you were originally myopic, at this time Eye The degree of myopia will increase.

　　Countermeasures: This abnormal phenomenon usually returns to normal 5-6 weeks after delivery. Therefore, if the pregnant mother develops hyperopia or myopia at this time, she does not need to replace her glasses first. She can try them more than one month after delivery, so that the degree will be relatively accurate.

　　corneal edema

　　Due to increased progesterone secretion and electrolyte imbalance in pregnant mothers, it is easy to increase the moisture in the cornea and lens, causing mild corneal edema. The thickness of the cornea can increase by about 3% on average, and it becomes more obvious towards the end of pregnancy. Due to corneal edema, sensitivity will be reduced, often weakening the corneal reflection and its eyeball protection function.

　　Countermeasures: Generally, no special treatment is required, and it will automatically return to normal 6-8 weeks after delivery.

　　dry eye syndrome

　　At the end of pregnancy, about 80% of pregnant mothers will have reduced tear secretion. Affected by hormone secretion during pregnancy, the even distribution of the tear film is destroyed. The reduced amount and unstable quality of tears can easily lead to dry eye syndrome.

　　Countermeasures: Pregnant mothers should pay attention to health care during pregnancy, have reasonable nutrition, and consume more vitamins A, C and other nutrients that are beneficial to the eyes. You can use an appropriate amount of eye drops to moisten the cornea and eliminate eye fatigue. Chloramphenicol eye drops cannot be used during pregnancy. If there is inflammation, erythromycin and chloramphenicol eye drops can be used, but it is best to seek the advice of an obstetrician first. The absorption of eye drops flows into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal duct, and enters the blood circulation system through mucosal absorption. If a pregnant mother is worried about using eye drops, fetus There will be danger. When instilling eye drops, you can stay close to the tear point on the inside of the eye, which can reduce the absorption of the drug.

　　hearing loss

　　After pregnancy, the concentration of estrogen in the intracellular and intracellular fluids of pregnant mothers varies greatly, causing changes in osmotic pressure, leading to water and sodium retention in the inner ear, which can affect hearing. Studies have shown that pregnant women’s hearing in the low-frequency area (150-500 Hz) begins to decline in early pregnancy, and continues to worsen in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.

　　Countermeasures: Hearing changes during pregnancy usually return to normal 3-6 months after delivery. During pregnancy, you should pay attention to nutritional supplements and ensure adequate rest time. It is recommended that pregnant mothers should listen to headphones less often.

　　Frequent nosebleeds

　　After pregnancy, the placenta will produce a large amount of estrogen. Especially after 7 months of pregnancy, the estrogen concentration in the blood may be more than 20 times higher than before pregnancy. A large amount of estrogen in the blood can cause swelling, softening, and congestion of the nasal mucosa. The fragility of the blood vessel walls in the nasal cavity of pregnant mothers increases, which makes them prone to rupture and cause nosebleeds.

　　Countermeasures: Once a pregnant mother has nosebleeds, she should quickly lie on her back, press the root of the nose with her thumb and index finger for 5-10 minutes, and apply a cold wet towel to her forehead or nose. Generally, the bleeding can be stopped. During pregnancy, you can eat more foods rich in vitamin C and E, such as vegetables, red beans, lean meat, milk, eggs, etc., which can enhance the elasticity of blood vessels. Under normal circumstances, nose bleeding does not cause anemia , if the pregnant mother has severe bleeding, progesterone drugs should be used rationally under the guidance of a doctor to reduce the stimulating effect of estrogen on the nasal mucosa and eliminate the triggers.

　　rhinitis during pregnancy

　　After pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the body increases, causing a hypersensitivity reaction in the nasal mucosa, which can lead to dilation of small blood vessels, tissue edema, and symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. This "pregnancy rhinitis" can occur in about 20% of pregnant mothers, and is more obvious three months after pregnancy. Once the child is delivered and the causative factors are eliminated, the rhinitis will recover without leaving any sequelae.

　　Countermeasures: "Rhinitis during pregnancy" generally does not require drug treatment, and there are no very effective preventive measures for this. If the symptoms are severe, appropriate medication can be taken under the guidance of a doctor. For symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose, 1% ephedrine solution can be used for nasal drops. However, this drug cannot be used for a long time to avoid drug resistance or even drug-induced rhinitis. If the effect is not obvious, you can use a nasal spray to relieve local congestion after clearing the nasal secretions.

　　pregnancy gingivitis

　　After pregnancy, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood increase, causing the gums to become congested, swollen, brittle, and soft. The gingival papilla between the teeth becomes purple-red and will bleed at the slightest touch. This is medically known as "pregnancy gingivitis."

　　Countermeasures: Because the sensitivity of oral tissues increases, pregnant mothers can choose health care toothbrushes with small brush heads and soft bristles when brushing their teeth. Do not brush too hard.

　　caries

　　The diet structure changes during pregnancy, and the amount of carbohydrates eaten increases, which provides good nutrients for bacteria to multiply on the tooth surface, and the acid produced by bacterial metabolism causes the tooth surface to be corroded and form dental caries. In addition, pregnant mothers will have vomiting reactions in the early stages of pregnancy, and the refluxed gastric acid will also corrode the tooth surface.

　　Countermeasures: Pregnant mothers should pay attention to oral hygiene, because oral infection will affect the fetus and themselves. healthy , causing various harms. Brush your teeth at least three times a day for at least 3 minutes each time. However, effective brushing can only remove 70% of the bacteria in the mouth, and flossing must be done every two days. Pregnant mothers should also undergo regular oral examinations.