What are the contents of first aid and emergency health training

The first aid and emergency health training currently carried out by formal institutions focuses on three directions: on-site life-saving practice, emergency risk avoidance and daily emergency health protection. There is nothing too fancy, but practical information that can be used in real situations.

I have been doing emergency training for almost 6 years, and I have seen too many real cases of people using it immediately after learning it. Last year, I went to an Internet company in the west of the city for on-site training. Just after I finished the lecture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of AED (automated external defibrillator), within two weeks, a trainee The convenience store downstairs rescued a young man who suffered sudden cardiac death. This life-saving skill is the top priority of all training. You will not just be asked to memorize PPT, but you will have to practice it repeatedly with a medical simulator until you can accurately find the compression position and control 5-6 centimeters. Even the differences in operation for special groups of people will be discussed. For example, for women in the late stages of pregnancy, the Heimlich maneuver should not be used to press the belly, but the chest should be pressed instead. For people who are overweight, the position of force should also be adjusted. There was an aunt Zhang from the community who learned it before. Not long after applying pressure to stop the bleeding, her grandson cut his wrist while playing with a utility knife. She didn't panic. She put a clean towel on the wound and raised her arm over her heart. The bleeding stopped within a few minutes. When she went to the hospital for stitches, the doctor said she might need a blood transfusion if the bleeding couldn't be stopped. Oh, yes, there is still a little controversy in this industry: Should ordinary students be taught how to perform tracheal intubation? One group believes that ordinary people have no clinical experience. If the airway is blocked if the wrong position is inserted, it is better to wait for medical care. The other group believes that if you encounter extreme scenarios such as earthquakes and mining disasters and there are no medical care around, you can last for a few more hours if you can ventilate. Therefore, formal training now generally only briefly mentions the principles of tracheal intubation and does not require ordinary students to master it.

Do you think learning life-saving skills is enough? In fact, many times the risk can be nipped in the bud without having to go to first aid. Therefore, the second important part of the training is how to deal with various public emergencies and extreme scenarios. For example, when escaping from a fire, you need to fold eight layers of wet towels to block most of the smoke. When the smoke is heavy, you have to crawl on the ground. In the past two years, there have been a lot of extreme weather. We also specially added how to judge whether to abandon the car when there is water in the subway during heavy rains, how to distinguish between ordinary heatstroke and fatal heat stroke on high temperatures, and how to squat in groups to protect the head and chest when a stampede occurs. There are also different opinions on this, such as whether to hide in the "triangle of life" or under the table during an earthquake. Professional organizations have done simulation experiments before. If a small earthquake occurs in a high-rise residential building, hiding under a strong table or a load-bearing wall will make it less likely to be hit by falling lamps and ornaments. If the earthquake magnitude is relatively high and the house may collapse, then look for the triangle formed by the load-bearing wall and furniture to avoid danger. Therefore, we will explain both situations clearly during training, and will not only teach a single method.

In addition to these scenes that sound urgent, small accidents in daily life can easily turn into big problems if handled incorrectly. Therefore, the current training will add a piece of daily emergency health content, which is knowledge that is very close to ordinary people's lives. For example, if you are scratched by a cat or dog, you should wash it with running soapy water for 15 minutes before getting vaccinated. After a sprain, you should apply cold compress within 24 hours. It’s about hot compresses, how people with allergies should carry and use epinephrine pens, and whether they should induce vomiting in case of food poisoning. This is also important. If you just eat spoiled seafood or have diarrhea, it’s okay to induce vomiting. If you mistakenly take corrosive things like toilet cleaners and disinfectants, inducing vomiting will cause the esophagus to be burned repeatedly. You have to drink pure milk or egg white to neutralize it and go to the doctor immediately.

To be honest, we have been doing training for so long. What we hope most is that after learning these contents, you will never need them in your lifetime. But when you encounter trouble, at least you will not panic, and you can help yourself and those around you.