What tests can be done to detect cervicitis?

Cervicitis can be diagnosed through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge examination, cervical cytology examination, HPV testing, colposcopy, etc. Cervicitis is usually caused by pathogenic infection, mechanical injury, chemical stimulation, abnormal hormone levels, decreased immunity, etc.

1. Gynecological examination

Gynecological examination is the basic method for diagnosing cervicitis. The doctor observes the appearance of the cervix through a vaginal speculum to determine whether there is congestion, edema, erosion or abnormal secretions. Acute cervicitis can show cervical redness, swelling and tenderness, while chronic cervicitis may manifest as cervical hypertrophy or Knott's cyst. During the examination, attention should be paid to avoiding the menstrual period, and sexual intercourse and vaginal lavage 24 hours before the examination.

2. Vaginal discharge examination

Examination of vaginal secretions can determine the type of infection, and the number of white blood cells and the morphology of pathogens in the secretions can be observed through a microscope. Clue cells can be seen in bacterial vaginosis, active Trichomonas vaginalis can be detected in trichomonas vaginitis, and pseudohyphae can be found in vulvovaginal candidiasis. The use of vaginal drugs should be avoided before the examination, and samples must be sent for examination in time to ensure the accuracy of the results.

3. Cervical cytology examination

Cervical cytology examination, also known as TCT examination, assesses the extent of lesions by brushing exfoliated cervical cells. This method can detect precancerous lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and the examination results are divided into grades such as no intraepithelial lesions, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. It is recommended that sexually active women over the age of 21 undergo regular screening and refrain from sexual intercourse and vaginal medication 48 hours before the examination.

4. HPV testing

HPV testing detects high-risk human papillomavirus infection by collecting cervical cells. Commonly used methods include hybrid capture and PCR technology. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV16, 18 and other subtypes is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. Women over 30 years old are recommended to undergo screening combined with cytology. If the result is positive, further evaluation should be combined with colposcopy.

5. Colposcopy

Colposcopy is a magnified observation of cervical blood vessels and epithelial changes with the assistance of acetic acid and iodine tests, and can locate suspicious lesions for biopsy. Typical manifestations include abnormal images such as acetate white epithelium, punctate blood vessels, and mosaic-like changes. This examination is suitable for those with abnormal cytology or HPV testing. It can clarify the scope and extent of the disease and provide a basis for subsequent treatment.

After being diagnosed with cervicitis, you should avoid spicy and irritating foods, keep your vulva clean and dry, and choose pure cotton breathable underwear. During the treatment period, sexual intercourse and bathing are prohibited, and medication should be taken according to the doctor's instructions. It is recommended to have a gynecological examination every year and get the HPV vaccine to prevent related infections. If symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or increased discharge occur, timely follow-up is required.