How is fungal vaginitis caused?

Fungal vaginitis may be caused by vaginal flora imbalance, reduced immunity, uncontrolled diabetes, long-term use of antibiotics, elevated estrogen levels, etc. It can be treated by keeping the vulva clean and dry, avoiding abuse of antibiotics, controlling blood sugar, using antifungal drugs, and adjusting living habits.

1. Vaginal flora imbalance

The normal flora in the vagina is dominated by Lactobacilli, which can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. When lactobacilli are reduced, overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria such as Candida albicans may cause fungal vaginitis. It manifests as vulvar itching and tofu-like leucorrhea. Treatment requires the use of antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole vaginal tablets, miconazole nitrate suppositories, and nystatin effervescent vaginal tablets as directed by the doctor. Vaginal probiotic preparations can also be supplemented.

2. Decreased immunity

Pregnancy, long-term use of immunosuppressants, HIV infection, etc. will lead to reduced immunity, weakened local vaginal defense function, and Candida albicans is prone to multiply. Patients may experience symptoms such as vulvar burning and pain during sexual intercourse. In addition to the standardized use of fluconazole capsules, itraconazole capsules and other drugs, it is recommended to increase nutritional intake and ensure adequate sleep.

3. Diabetes is not under control

Excessive blood sugar levels can lead to increased glycogen content in vaginal epithelial cells, providing a favorable environment for fungal growth. Diabetic patients with poor blood sugar control are prone to recurring fungal vaginitis, accompanied by discomfort such as frequent urination and painful urination. It is necessary to strictly monitor blood sugar, use ketoconazole cream, terbinafine vaginal soft capsules and other drugs together, and at the same time keep the vulva breathable and dry.

4. Long-term use of antibiotics

Broad-spectrum antibiotics may disrupt the vaginal microecological balance, inhibit the growth of lactobacilli, and cause fungi to take advantage of the opportunity to proliferate. It is common in people who take antibiotics continuously for more than 1 week. Symptoms include increased leucorrhea and vulva redness and swelling. During the treatment period, unnecessary antibiotics should be suspended, butoconazole vaginal cream or oral spironol capsules should be used as directed by the doctor, and pure cotton underwear should be worn to reduce friction and irritation.

5. Increased estrogen levels

Rising estrogen levels during pregnancy, oral contraceptives, or hormone replacement therapy can increase glycogen deposition in the vaginal epithelium and promote fungal colonization. Such patients may have white curd-like discharge with an odor. Tioconazole vaginal suppositories can be used for a short period of time under the guidance of a doctor, avoid wearing tight-fitting chemical fiber underwear, and change sanitary napkins frequently during menstruation.

To prevent fungal vaginitis, you need to pay attention to daily vulva cleaning, choose breathable cotton underwear and change it daily, and avoid excessive vaginal washing. Properly control blood sugar and do not abuse antibiotics and estrogen drugs. Sexual intercourse is prohibited during treatment, and partners who have symptoms need to be treated simultaneously. If there are more than 4 attacks within a year, potential causes such as diabetes and immune deficiency should be promptly investigated, and long-term suppressive antifungal treatment should be carried out if necessary.